Renal System — UPSC CMS MCQs (Medicine)

Question 1

Which of the following is the correct range of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) for Stage 2 chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

A. 60 – 89 mL/min/1.73 m²

Answer

45 – 59 mL/min/1.73 m²

Answer

30 – 44 mL/min/1.73 m²

Answer

15 – 29 mL/min/1.73 m²

Question 2

Kidney damage and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) value between 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m² are found in which stage of Chronic Kidney Disease?

Accepted Answer

C. Stage 4 (severe)

Answer

Stage 2 (mild)

Answer

Stage 3A (mild to moderate)

Answer

Stage 5 (kidney failure)

Question 3

The leading cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) globally is:

Accepted Answer

A. Diabetic nephropathy

Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Answer

Hypertension-associated CKD

Answer

Polycystic kidney disease

Question 4

Most common cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD):

Accepted Answer

C. Diabetic nephropathy

Answer

Hypertension-associated CKD

Answer

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)

Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Question 5

Which of the following are the mechanisms for anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease?
1. Deficiency of erythropoietin
2. Folate and Vitamin B12 deficiency
3. Toxic effects of uremia on bone marrow
4. Reduced utilization of dietary iron
Select the correct answer using the code:

Accepted Answer

C. 1, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Question 6

What is the target blood Hemoglobin level when treating anemia in Stage-4 chronic kidney disease patient?

Accepted Answer

B. 10 to 12 gm/dL

Answer

8 to 10 gm/dL

Answer

12 to 13 gm/dL

Answer

13 to 14 gm/dL

Question 7

Which one of the following complications of chronic kidney disease is observed in patients with low parathyroid hormone levels?

Accepted Answer

A. Adynamic bone disease

Answer

Tumoral calcinosis

Answer

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

Answer

Calciphylaxis

Question 8

A 52-year-old male has uncontrolled diabetes. Which one of the following tests will help in early detection of nephropathy?

Accepted Answer

D. Urine albumin

Answer

Blood urea level

Answer

Serum creatinine level

Answer

Ultrasonography

Question 9

Which of the following are consequences of nephrotic syndrome?
1. Increased lipoprotein synthesis
2. Low serum globulin levels
3. Increased serum aldosterone levels
4. Increased serum Antithrombin III levels
Select the correct answer using the code:

Accepted Answer

A. 1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

2 and 3 only

Question 10

All of the following conditions are associated with Glomerulonephritis with low complement level, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

B. IgA nephropathy

Answer

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Answer

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer

Cryoglobulinemia

Question 11

A 40-year-old female with nephritic range proteinuria is found to have low serum complement levels. Which of the following can be the likely etiology?
1. Systemic lupus erythematosus
2. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
3. Infective endocarditis
4. Mesangio-capillary glomerulonephritis
Select the correct answer using the code:

Accepted Answer

D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer

1 and 2 only

Answer

3 and 4 only

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Question 12

A 13-year-old boy presents with hematuria, oliguria, edema and hypertension. He has history of sore throat two weeks prior to presentation. Investigations show low C3 and increased titers of ASO and antiDNase. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct about management for this condition?

Accepted Answer

D. Immunosuppressants are to be used for crescentic glomerulonephritis

Answer

Renal biopsy is rarely required for making diagnosis

Answer

Antibiotic treatment is given for streptococcal infection

Answer

Treatment is largely supportive

Question 13

Which of the following are indications for a renal biopsy?
1. Chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology
2. Nephritic syndrome
3. Uncontrolled severe hypertension
4. Renal transplant dysfunction
Select the correct answer using the code:

Accepted Answer

B. 1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Question 14

Which one of the following conditions is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the sodium-potassium-2-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2), and presents with sodium wasting, hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia and hypercalciuria?

Accepted Answer

B. Bartter syndrome

Answer

Alport syndrome

Answer

Fanconi syndrome

Answer

Gitelman syndrome

Question 15

Which of the following statements are correct regarding anti-glomerular basement membrane disease?
1. It is a rare autoimmune disease which presents as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
2. Antibodies are formed against α3 chain of type 4 collagen of GBM.
3. The α3 chain is expressed in basement membrane of glomerulus and the retina.
4. The disease may be associated with retinal hemorrhage when it is known as Goodpasture syndrome.
Select the correct answer using the code:

Accepted Answer

A. 1 and 2 only

Answer

2, 3 and 4 only

Answer

1, 3 and 4 only

Answer

1, 2, 3 and 4

Question 16

Polyarteritis nodosa has peak incidence between the ages of:

Accepted Answer

D. 40–50 years

Answer

10–20 years

Answer

20–30 years

Answer

30–40 years

Question 17

Which of the following are recommended for management of tumour lysis syndrome?
1. Urinary alkalinization
2. Intravenous fluids
3. Rasburicase
4. Febuxostat
Select the correct answer using the code:

Accepted Answer

D. 2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Q1. Which of the following is the correct range of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) for Stage 2 chronic kidney disease?

Q2. Kidney damage and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) value between 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m² are found in which stage of Chronic Kidney Disease?

Q3. The leading cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) globally is:

Q4. Most common cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD):

Q5. Which of the following are the mechanisms for anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease? 1. Deficiency of erythropoietin 2. Folate and Vitamin B12 deficiency 3. Toxic effects of uremia on bone marrow 4. Reduced utilization of dietary iron Select the correct answer using the code:

Q6. What is the target blood Hemoglobin level when treating anemia in Stage-4 chronic kidney disease patient?

Q7. Which one of the following complications of chronic kidney disease is observed in patients with low parathyroid hormone levels?

Q8. A 52-year-old male has uncontrolled diabetes. Which one of the following tests will help in early detection of nephropathy?

Q9. Which of the following are consequences of nephrotic syndrome? 1. Increased lipoprotein synthesis 2. Low serum globulin levels 3. Increased serum aldosterone levels 4. Increased serum Antithrombin III levels Select the correct answer using the code:

Q10. All of the following conditions are associated with Glomerulonephritis with low complement level, EXCEPT:

Q13. Which of the following are indications for a renal biopsy? 1. Chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology 2. Nephritic syndrome 3. Uncontrolled severe hypertension 4. Renal transplant dysfunction Select the correct answer using the code:

Q14. Which one of the following conditions is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the sodium-potassium-2-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2), and presents with sodium wasting, hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia and hypercalciuria?

Q16. Polyarteritis nodosa has peak incidence between the ages of:

Q17. Which of the following are recommended for management of tumour lysis syndrome? 1. Urinary alkalinization 2. Intravenous fluids 3. Rasburicase 4. Febuxostat Select the correct answer using the code: